To verify the values by comparing and contrasting them to what others have thought and
how interdisciplinary approach helps in providing better solutions and how ideas for the
sustainable developments and to develop scientific outlook not only with resp
PO2
-
Analysis
Student should have acquired the skills in handling scientific instruments, planning and
performing in laboratory experiments
PO3
-
Design
student should have the skills of observations and drawing logical inferences from the scientific experiments
PO4
-
Develop
Demonstrate creativity in the discipline in that have practical benefits.
PO5
-
Modern Tools
PO6
-
Society
To practice the analytical thinking skills to be a successful student and employee through
linking society and student Institution and to prepare students to apply their knowledge and
multifaceted skills to be employed and excel in their careers.
PO7
-
Environment
Analyze the environmental dimensions of issues facing professionals.
PO8
-
Ethics
To develop a global perspective by studying reasoning throughout the world
PO9
-
Team Work
Function successfully as a member/leader in any team and to apply ethics, accountability
and equity in their lif
B.Voc Data Science & Analytics - Programme Outcomes
PO1
-
Knowledge
Understand the basic principles of program development by identifying and
formulating problems and integrate resources to decisions using the problem solving
approach
PO2
-
Analysis
An ability to apply mathematical foundations, algorithmic principles, and computer
science theory in the modelling and design of computational systems in a way that
demonstrates comprehension of the trade-offs involved in design choices.
PO3
-
Design
Demonstrate knowledge understanding of the scientific and management principles
and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments
PO4
-
Develop
An ability to apply mathematical foundations, algorithmic principles, and computer science theory in the modelling and design of computational systems in a way that
demonstrates comprehension of the trade-offs involved in design choices.
PO8
-
Ethics
An understanding of professional, ethical, legal, security, and social issues and
responsibilities for the data science profession.
PO10
-
Communications
Develop effective communication skills in English and regional language
PO12
-
Life long learn
Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change
1. Discuss the relevant theories and methods for organisational behaviours.
PO2
-
Analysis
2. Analyze the impact of the environment and demonstrate the knowledge of the business environment for sustainable development.
3. Analyse different types of securities and risk return characteristics.
PO3
-
Design
4. Apply domain knowledge progressively by understanding internal and external business environment process and practices.
5. Prepare various financial statement and records by using various accounting and costing methods and techniques.
6. Apply concepts
PO4
-
Develop
9. Develop conceptual applied and research skill as well as competencies required for problem solving and decision making.
PO5
-
Modern Tools
10. Solve societal, health, legal, safety, and cultural issues relating to a business.
PO1 : Understand the principles of Forensic science
PO2
-
Analysis
PO4 : Perform laboratory procedures as per standard protocols in the various divisions of Forensic science, report writing and presentation before court of law
PO5
-
Modern Tools
PO3 : understand various fields of forensic science and crime scene investigation techniques
PO12
-
Life long learn
PO2: Understand the importance of various physical evidence, it's identification, collection or preservation, packing, forwarding and chain of custody
PO1: aquire a comprehensive knowledge in physics PO2: develop a broad understanding of the physical principles of
PO2
-
Analysis
PO5: be empowered for critical thinking and innovation in dealing with scientific problems and experiments.
PO3
-
Design
PO3: acquire laboratory skills to design advanced experiments and high precision measurements
PO4
-
Develop
PO7: develop independent research skills through projects.
PO5
-
Modern Tools
PO4: be proficient in computing and interfacing techniques. PO6: develop advanced laboratory techniques and instrumentation skills for a career in researc
PO6
-
Society
PO9: be empowered for planning career in physical sciences and also in taking up jobs in other fields in the contemporary society.
PO9
-
Team Work
PO10: be able to communicate effectively and participate actively in team work
PO12
-
Life long learn
PO8: be provided with opportunities to further their knowledge in frontier areas through elective courses.
Acquired Ability to function in multidisciplinary Domains. Attained ability to exercise Research Intelligence in investigations. Continuously strive for excellence in education.
PO5
-
Modern Tools
Attained ability to exercise Research Intelligence in Innovations
PO6
-
Society
Obtained Ability to manoeuvre in diverse contexts with Global Perspective. Balance rights with responsibilities. Understand and respect diversity & difference. Use education as a tool for emancipation and empowerment of humanity.
PO7
-
Environment
Obtained Ability to manoeuvre in diverse contexts with Global Perspective. Promote sustainable development practices.
PO8
-
Ethics
Learnt Ethical Principles and be committed to Professional Ethics. Not be prejudiced by gender, age, caste, religion, or nationality.
PO9
-
Team Work
Promote co-operation over competition
PO10
-
Communications
Attained Maturity to respond to one’s calling
PO12
-
Life long learn
Incorporated Self-directed and Life-long Learning. Continue life-long learning as an autonomous learner
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO 4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information
Professional Skills
-
PO 3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO 2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO 1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study
Human Values, Profes
-
PO 6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the wellbeing of society and the environment
Research, Innovation
-
PO 7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional, and global development.
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships
with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local,
regional, and global development.
PO6
-
Human Values, Profes
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human
values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the
environment
PO5
-
Scientific Awareness
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific
understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable
solutions
PO4
-
Digital Intelligence
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information
PO3
-
Professional Skills
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability
PO2
-
Communication, Colla
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
PO1
-
Knowledge Acquisitio
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific
understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable
solutions.
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships
with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local,
regional, and global development.
Human Values, Profe
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human
values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the
environment.
BA ARABIC AND ISLAMIC HISTORY (DOUBLE MAJOR) HONOURS
BA ARABIC AND ISLAMIC HISTORY (DOUBLE MAJOR) HONOURS - Syllabus
BA ARABIC AND ISLAMIC HISTORY (DOUBLE MAJOR) HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
Research
-
PO7
Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional, and global development.
Responsibility
-
PO6
Responsibility: Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the environment.
Human Values
-
PO5
Human Values, Professional Ethics, and Societal and Environmental
Professional Skills
-
pO 3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability.
Communication
-
PO 2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO 1
Knowledge Acquisition: Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Examine the socio-economic problems and find out the strategies to overcome these
problems through community engagement
ANALSIS
-
PSO 3
Achieve organizational, management and leadership skills
EXAMINE
-
PSO9
Formulate appropriate and relevant research questions, develop methodology and tools
for data collection, presentation and analysis, and predict cause-effect relationships to
deal with problems and situations to be solved through innovative practices
EXAMINE
-
PSO8
Develop appropriate skills and knowledge to address the real world economic issues in
familiar and unfamiliar contexts
ANALYSIS
-
PSO7
Apply analytical thinking to various economic phenomena, including analysis and
evaluation of economic policies, practices, evidences, arguments, claims and beliefs
ANALYSIS
-
PSO6
Be able to inculcate ethical values and to avoid unethical practices such as plagiarism,
misrepresentation of data and violation of intellectual property rights
UNDERSTAND
-
PSO5
Understand diverse needs of the marginalized segments of the society and equip them
to engage in endeavours leading to their emancipation
EVALUATION
-
PSO4
Acquire skills to evaluate contemporary socio-economic issues by accessing
information from various sources and analyzing the collected information using
software
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships
with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local,
regional, and global development.
Human Values, Profes
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human
values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the
environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific
understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable
solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Professional Skills:
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study.
BA ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE HONOURS
BA ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE HONOURS - Syllabus
BA ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships
with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local,
regional, and global development.
Human Values, Profes
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader characterized by an unwavering commitment to human
values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the
environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific
understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable
solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study.
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HONOURS (EXISTING SPECIALISATION FINANCE) - Programme Outcomes
Demonstrate professi
-
Demonstrate professi
Demonstrate professional development on fundamentals of management and personal
development through engagement in real world business scenario
Human Values, Profes
-
PO6
Human Values, Professional Ethics, and Societal and Environmental Responsibility:
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human
values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the
enviro
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Scientific Awareness and Critical Thinking:
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific
understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable
solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Digital Intelligence:
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Professional Skills:
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Communication, Collaboration, Inclusiveness, and Leadership:
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Demonstrate
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study
Exhibit critical thi
-
Exhibit critical thi
Exhibit critical thinking and managerial competencies through effective
communication, teamwork, problem solving, decision making, ICT and project
management skills.
Create innovative sy
-
Create innovative sy
Create innovative systems and best practices in both domestic and global areas of work
that are replicable and feasible
Emerge as intraprene
-
Emerge as intraprene
Emerge as intrapreneur/entrepreneur leveraging on opportunities with relevant traits of
a visionary leader
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship:
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships
with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local,
regional, and global development.
PSO3 Evaluate the technologies and processes for producing value added food products.
Professional Skills
-
PSO2
Develop the skills to analyze preservation, processing, packaging and storage of foods
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PSO1
The ability to understand physico- chemical, microbiological, sensory and nutritional aspects of foods.
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional, and global development.
Human Values, Profes
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study.
Meta Cognitive Knowl
-
PSO4
The ability to apply and evaluate standard practices, Laws and regulation in food production.
Factual, Conceptual,
-
PSO5
Develop understanding of the fundamental concepts of BSc Food Technology needed for a deeper study of related fields of knowledge viz. Food Chemistry, Food Microbiology and Food Engineering etc.
Experimental and Ana
-
PSO6
Develop the experimental and analytical skills in BSc Food Technology that can be of useful applications in allied areas of knowledge.
(Self Financing) BA JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION HONOURS
(Self Financing) BA JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION HONOURS - Syllabus
(Self Financing) BA JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional, and global development."
Human Values, Profes
-
PO6
Become
a
responsible
leader
, chara
cterized
by
an
unwavering
commitm
ent
to
human
values,
ethical
condu
ct
,
and
afervent
dedication
to
the w
ell-
being
of
society
and
the
environment
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge
as
an
innovative
problem
-
solver
and
impact
fulmediat
or
applying
scientific understanding and
critical
thinking
.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and
interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and
adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication,
collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the
chosen discipline of study.
(Self Financing) BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HONOURS (EXISTING SPECIALIS
(Self Financing) BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HONOURS (EXISTING SPECIALIS - Syllabus
(Self Financing) BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HONOURS (EXISTING SPECIALIS - Programme Outcomes
PSO 4
-
PSO 4
Emerge as intrapreneur/entrepreneur leveraging on opportunities with relevant traits of a visionary leader
PSO 3
-
PSO 3
Create innovative systems and best practices in both domestic and global areas of work that are replicable and feasible.
PSO 2
-
PSO 2
Exhibit critical thinking and managerial competencies through effective Ncommunication, teamwork, problem solving, decision making, ICT and project management skills.
PSO 1
-
PSO 1
Demonstrate professional development on fundamentals of management and personal development through engagement in real world business scenario
Research, Innovation
-
PO 7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional, and global development.
Human Values, Profes
-
PO 6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to the well-being of society and the environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO 5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable solutions.
Digital Intelligence
-
PO 4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively processing complex information.
Professional Skills
-
PO 3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability.
Communication, Colla
-
PO 2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO 1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study.
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging
collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and
communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional,
and global development
Human Values, Profes
-
PO 6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering
commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent
dedication to the wellbeing of society and the environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO 5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator,
applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address
challenges and advance sustainable solutions
Digital Intelligence
-
PO 4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools
to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively
processing complex information
Professional Skills
-
PO 3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths
with confidence and adaptability
Communication, Colla
-
PO 2
Become a team player who drives positive change through
effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative
leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO 1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and
their impact on the chosen discipline of study
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging
collaborative partnerships with industry, academia, and
communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional,
and global development
Human Values, Profes
-
PO 6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering
commitment to human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent
dedication to the wellbeing of society and the environment.
Scientific Awareness
-
PO 5
Emerge as an innovative problem-solver and impactful mediator,
applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address
challenges and advance sustainable solutions.
Professional Skills
-
PO 3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths
with confidence and adaptability
Communication, Colla
-
PO 2
Become a team player who drives positive change through
effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative
leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO 1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and
their impact on the chosen discipline of study
Digital Intelligence
-
PO 4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools
to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively
processing complex information
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivity.
Knowledge Acquisiti
-
PO1
Demonstrate a prefound understanding of Knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technological tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus efficiency processing complex information
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging colloborative partnership with industry, academia, and communities to contribute enduring solutions for local, regional and global development
Human values, Profes
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader, characterized by an unwavering commitment to human values, ethical conduct and a fervent dedication to the well being of society and the environment
Scientific Awareness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem solver and impactful mediator, applying Scientific understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainability solution
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DAIRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HONOURS
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DAIRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HONOURS - Syllabus
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DAIRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DATA SCIENCE & ANALYTICS HONOURS
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DATA SCIENCE & ANALYTICS HONOURS - Syllabus
(Self Financing)-B.Voc DATA SCIENCE & ANALYTICS HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
(Self Financing)-B.Voc TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT HONOURS
(Self Financing)-B.Voc TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT HONOURS - Syllabus
(Self Financing)-BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION HONOURS - Programme Outcomes
Research, Innovation
-
PO7
Emerge as a researcher and entrepreneurial leader, forging collaborative partnership with industry acadmia, and communities to contribute enduring solution for locsl, regional, and global development
Humam values, Profes
-
PO6
Become a responsible leader, charactised by an unwavering commitment yo human values, ethical conduct, and a fervent dedication to tge well being of society and the environment
Scientific Awarness
-
PO5
Emerge as an innovative problem solver and impactful mediator, applying scientific understanding and critical thinking to address challenges and advance sustainable solution
Digital Intelligence
-
PO4
Demonstrate proficiency in varied digital and technogical tools to understand and interact with the digital world, thus effectively procesding complex information
Professional Skills
-
PO3
Demonstrate professional skills to navigate diverse career paths with confidence and adaptability
Communication, Colla
-
PO2
Become a team player who drives positive change through effective communication, collaborative acumen, transformative leadership, and a dedication to inclusivety
Knowledge Acquisitio
-
PO1
Demonstrate a profound understanding of knowledge trends and their impact on the chosen discipline of study